Written by

Douglas L. Martin

June 3, 1999

INTRODUCTION

This writing is the result year long project in which I used information I had been gathering for several years. It is by no means a complete account of my Great Grandfather's life. It is however a story full of facts and information that may be useful for other researchers. I also hope that it is a story that will interest others.

Chapter One

"Newtown"

The story of James E. Martin’s childhood starts close to one hundred and fifty years ago. James, as I will refer to him from here on, was born on Prince Edward Island [P.E.I.] on the 12^th of January, 1859.[1] His father , John Martin, was a farmer on a fifty acre farm in Newtown Cross. The majority of the neighbors were from Scotland and members of the Church of Scotland. His Uncle lived right next door and had a fifty-four acre farm.[2] These two farms together made up the land that had been in the family for about fifty years, and like many in their community, their father and mother had come here as part of a settlement arranged by Lord Selkirk in 1803.[3]

A farm on P.E.I. provided a hard, busy life. In the year 1850 the John Martin family had grown thirty bushels of wheat, ten bushels of barley, four hundred bushels of oats, four hundred bushels of potatoes, and three tons of hay. They had also produced forty pounds of butter and fifty-one yards of cloth. His father and Uncle were also fishermen. They both owned boats and fished for herring, cod and alewives (a type of herring). In that same year (1850), James’s father had cured ten barrels of herring or alewives, and ten quintals of Cod or Hake (one quintal equals 100 Kilograms.) James’s father owned two horses, twenty sheep, one hog, and five cattle.[4]

James wrote to his niece on Prince Edward Island in 1938 when he was close to eighty years old and living in Wemme, Oregon:

“I remember this [May] is about the time of year that we started to plough and seed for cropping, and considerable snow in some places on Prince Edward Island” [5]

“…long winters-how well do I remember them in my young days. They ordinarily started with frost in the latter part of November, ice on the mill pond two to three feet thick, snow melting away about the first day of May – of course some winters were different. I remember Angus Martin of Milltown (no relation to our family), plowing a field on New Year day in 1870 or 1871.”[6] .

Given the long harsh winters and the short growing season, they must have put in some long work days to survive.

In 1862 John Martin, father of James, “died of an injury.”[7] From the will of John Martin written on the first day of May 1862 and proved the 8^th day of Feb 1871. John left the farm to his son Daniel, with a few “reservations and provisions.” He made sure that his wife would have “maintenance and support” for the rest of her life, and that his daughters Sarah Louisa and Margaret would have the same, as long as they remained on the farm unmarried. He gave his daughter, Mary Compton wife of William Compton of lot sixty-one, one sheep. He also gave half of his stock to his brother Peter on the condition that he help his family for a period of three years. Considering his sons Kenneth, Alexander, and James, he asked that they be maintained and supported on the farm until they became “of age…” [8] James was only three years old at the time of his father’s death. James never knew his father.

When James was eleven years old, he and his mother lived with relatives at lot sixty one. His grandfather William Henry Compton was dying, [9] and it is most probable that his mother was there to help attend to her ninety six year old father’s dying needs.

“I lived with my cousin Henry H. Compton at that time and the ploughing was done on our place.”[10]

About four years later at age fifteen James was bound out as an apprentice to an agricultural implement manufacturer. He served two and a half years and then “ran away”[11].

Why did James run away?

James had had a hard time on the farm as child. He did not express memories of his younger days there with fondness or joy.

“I have not received any word from Mary or Louisa Martin at Newtown – so I wrote them yesterday. I know they must have a hard time on the farm. I know I did when I was a young boy.”[12]

He had no father. He had no inheritance. What James did have was two and one half years experience working in the Manufacturing business. He also had received some education: James attended “Country Public School”[13] with his cousin John Martin who was two years older than James.

“John and I went to school together at Newtown. I was only five years of age when I started, and … [His sister, Margaret Elizabeth Martin] taught me all the letters of the Alphabet after breakfast on the first morning of my going to school. So the teacher started me in spelling, but John seemed to have a hard time learning at school, however he was a very good boy and very kindly hearted Man all his life…”[14]

So, at age seventeen and a half, James E. Martin crossed the Northumberland Straight and made his way to Moncton, New Brunswick.

Chapter Two"

"The Education of an Industrialist"

It had been over a year since the “great fire” of St. John. James had come to St. John in 1878 about six months after the fire.[15] He was 19 at the time. (It is quite likely that the reason James came to St. John from Moncton was to help rebuild the city.) “For two years following the fire, St. John was a very busy place, for the owners of the property were all engaged in rebuilding and laborers from all over America came to assist.”[16] “This calamity as soon as it became known, appealed to the charitable instincts of the whole world.”[17]

The devastation was catastrophic. The large fire began 20^th June, 1877 at 2:30 in the afternoon. It started at York Point, (a district of St. John), and moved south all the way to the East Side, devouring even ships tied up on the wharf. The fire had started in a boiler shop in Portland (New Brunswick) and the northwesterly wind spread the flames quickly toward the business portion of St. John. The fire had cleared entire streets and buildings. In fact, the entire city south of King Street including wharves and shipping had been totally destroyed. The fire had burnt up more than 1,600 houses leaving 15,000 people without homes, and destroyed close to 30 million dollars worth of property.[18] The ship building industry that had so long been an important part of the St. John economy was now in danger. Economic depression followed.

Meanwhile large iron industries in the eastern United States were rapidly growing and the railroad industry was on an upswing. Baldwin Locomotive works in Philadelphia was becoming the largest in the country, supplying engines to countries all over the world.

The stronger economy created by the booming industries of New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts created quite a pull for James. He was now about 20 years old and had been working as a millwright in St. John for about a year. Leaving to go work in the factories may have been part of a larger plan: a plan to earn some “seed money,” return to New Brunswick, get married, and then immigrate. Or, James could merely have been adventuring out for the sake of experience. In any case James left St. John and headed South to Boston,[19] and educated himself about the ways of the world of modern industry.

· · ·

The large sails were now full and the vessel was starting to pick up speed. It’s destination: Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. They would be sailing West out of the Bay of Funday and into the Atlantic Ocean, down the coastline passing by the coast of Maine on into Boston Harbor. Turning his face into the wind James looked back at the city of St. John. It was a good stiff wind coming from the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the East. He took a deep breath of the salty fresh air, and caught a hint of a familiar smell.

The wind had traveled the same route as James. It had passed over his childhood home on Prince Edward Island and across the Northumberland Strait; sweeping through Northumberland and passing to the South of Moncton where James had worked in a mill and at building construction; then onto St. John where James had been working for the last year as a millwright. With it the wind brought memories of the farm. He remembered how hard it had been for him on the farm. He imagined his mother working hard at spinning wool by the fire. He could almost smell the burning of the tallow candles, they used to make from sheep fat.

He could no longer see much of the city as they pulled out into deeper waters. He could still hear the distant sounds of a sawmill, the saw whining as it ripped through a log. These sound and smells would soon be replaced by those of the modern industrial movement.

· · ·

James arrived in Boston by ship and made his way to Taunton, Massachusetts where he worked as a pattern-maker for company called Mason Machine works. After working there for seven months he moved on to New York. James was now 21 years old. As he writes in his autobiography “Attained my majority of 21.” He got a job working for John Roach Shipbuilding company on the East River.[20] It is quite possible that his job there was a direct result of a strike. The company’s main plant in Chester went on strike in 1880, the ships were towed to the Morgan Works for completion.”[21]

“Roach had the reputation for paying lower wages on the average than other firms. The workmen had to be engaged in their job when the bell rang to signal the starting time of the shipyard. Beginning at six in the morning, the standard work day, with one hour off for lunch, ended at five in the afternoon. Winter months forced reduction of hours to an eight hour day.”[22] The East River site of the John Roach Shipbuilding Company was called Morgan Iron Works. This location was an important one for the company. “Mooring the hull at the dock of the Morgan Iron Works placed it near all the tools and cranes for installing steam machinery…”[23] It may have been the political work environment or the change in pay scale that inspired James to move on to Philadelphia. In any case he found himself working for one of the largest locomotive manufacturing plants in the country. He got a job in the pattern shop of Baldwin Locomotive Works.

“In 1880 Baldwin’s machinists received an average of $2.46 a day, while machinists working across the street at the William Sellers Company made $2.00 a day… In almost every class of work Baldwin’s men also earned more than workers at such smaller locomotive-building competitors as Portland, Manchester, Mason, and Pittsburgh… The men received high pay because they worked hard – very hard…The pace was driven by both personal motivation, for higher piece-rate earnings, and by company sanction. Men whose speed, effort, and earnings fell below the standard were pressured by foremen to improve their output or quit – or they were in the first ranks of layoffs when sales next slumped.”[24]

James had now worked at three different large industrial plants in the United States for about a year and a half, the last seven or eight months being shared by John Roach Shipbuilding and then Baldwin Locomotive Works. James had been exploring the industrial world since he was fifteen years old and working as an apprentice at the farm implement manufacturing plant on Prince Edward Island. At this time he returns to St. John New Brunswick with money in his pocket and six years of industrial work experience. He settles down for the longest period of time since he was seventeen years old in a city still struggling from the effects of a catastrophic fire, (St. John N. B.)

Whether James had attained the distinction of joining the managerial ranks of the industrial work force when he was working for Baldwin, John Roach, and Mason, I do not know; but, at this point James could certainly be described as an industrialist. It was the fall of 1880 when James left Baldwin Locomotive works and returned to St. John. He “took charge” of a large saw mill in South Bay, just across the Saint John River and south of Portland and the city of St. John.[25]

Part of his career success could be attributed to his involvement with the Orangemen. James had joined the Orangemen Association when he first came to St. John in 1878.[26] "The Orange Order, which a New Brunswicker might have joined in 1847 because he feared the encroachment of indignant Catholics, would attract an aggressive businessman in Saint John in the 1880s for different reasons. It had become a socio-political club of sorts, potentially a ticket to economic and political prosperity. The Orange Order served as a clearing house where the enterprising could associate with the "right" people, where connections could be made and bargains could be struck.”[27] It is also likely that it was through his association with this organization that he became acquainted with the Elder family, and met his wife, Sarah Harrel Elder [Sarah].

Chapter Three

"The Elders" [i]

Sarah was living with her family in Prince Ward district, St. John, N. B. in 1881. Her father, fifty one year old Alexander Elder was a painter. Her father Alexander, mother Mary, sisters Alice M. and Lilly M., and brother Thomas M. were all members of the Church of England. They had a servant living with them by the name of Mary Malone. She was a Roman Catholic and of Irish descent. [28]

Since at least the1840s Sarah’s family has had a history of involvement with the Orangemen Association. Squire Manks, Sarah’s maternal Grandfather was deeply involved in the conflict between the Orangemen and the Irish Catholics during the Riots in that decade.[29] The 1840s were a time of great tension and righteous fervor. Alexander Elder expressed his sentiments in a poem. (see appendix). It is likely that James became acquainted with the Elders through the Orangemen Association.

It is also a possibility that he met Sarah at school. James attended “singing school in South Bay N.B.[30] In an interview with Elvira Beck[31], I asked her if she knew how her grandfather and grandmother had met. She said she did not know but that she imagined that it was at school. She related this story:

“We were visiting Portland [Oregon] when I was a teenager and we were teasing one another and after a while Grandmother said: Oh, don’t you remember when you put on my coat and danced on the top of the desks in school? She never called him Jim it was always Mr. Martin. “MR MARTIN,” SHE SAYS, “DONT YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU PUT ON MY COAT AND DANCED ON THE TABLE?”

Chapter Four

"Immigration"

On the 26^th of July, 1882, James and Sarah were married in St. John New Brunswick.[32] According to the 1900 census James E. Martin immigrated to the United States in 1883.[33] James says in his autobiography: “…Was married to Sarah Harrel Elder, July 26, 1882. Started for Portland, Oregon, Oct. 26, 1883.”[34] The golden wedding announcement for James and Sarah states that they “came west in 1883 arriving in Portland October 26th.”[35] This immigration date is significant in that almost two months earlier on September 8^th of 1883, “the Northern Pacific’s transcontinental railroad line was completed, creating the need for a new industrial work force in the Northwest.”[36] The need for skilled railroad workers in the Pacific Northwest must have been a strong pull for many: “About 1833 the railroad boys began pouring in from all quarters of the country.”[37] Not only did the completion of this line create a larger job market in the Pacific Northwest, it also opened up a quick route of travel across the country. The industrial age was rapidly dawning, spreading its steel railed tentacles in all directions.

The economic conditions in the St. John area were dismal. It would be years before the city of St. John could be completely rebuilt. “The Years that followed the great fire were years of decline for St. John. Although the city would be rebuilt, the wealth of many of the citizens had been destroyed in the flames. Coupled with the loss was the waning of the wooden shipbuilding industry, a change which removed a major source of income. Moreover, industrialization began to undermine the importance of the skilled crafts which formed the base of prosperity for the city’s tradesmen. The population declined and the city began a lengthy search for a new economic role. Attempts were made to establish a better rail service to central Canada in order to facilitate export trade through Saint John Harbour. The search was long and difficult, and for the poor of the city, the extended depression that was the by-product of these reverses was particularly arduous."[38]

For the past nine years James had been developing many of the needed skills to make him a desired member of the industrial work force in Portland, from his apprenticeship on P.E.I. to his managing of the mill in New Brunswick. His brother in law, Frank Elder[39] [Frank] had already immigrated to the United States in 1881[40] and was working for the Oregon and California Railroad.

· · ·

A traditional story of the Martins that was passes down to me by my father: Grandfather [James] was a pioneer in Portland. He came to Portland all the way from the East Coast of Canada. He built a home then went all the way back to get his family. One of their children was born on a raft as they traveled down the Columbia River..

The fact that James E. Martin immigrated to the United States, I have substantiated. The more challenging, part of the story is what remains. Did he make the trip to Portland twice. Was one of the children really born on the way down the Columbia River? Was James really a “pioneer?”

· · ·

It appears that Frank was the first of the Martin and Elder families to arrive in Portland. He was living in East Portland on the corner of 7^th and Jefferson[ii] and working as a carpenter in the “car shops” in 1882 or 1883[41]. This residence was three blocks west of the soon to be Martin residence, and his place of work was the soon to be work place of his father Alexander, his brother Thomas, and his brother in law James E. Martin. Frank Elder is not listed in the Polk City Directory for the year 1884. This suggests that he may have traveled back to New Brunswick to accompany the immigration venture of the rest of the family? Perhaps it was Frank Elder rather than James that the family story refers to.

By early fall of 1883 James was certainly aware that Herbert Harrel Martin, their first son, was on the way. Herbert was born on 22 of Dec 1883,[42] and his return of marriage certificate states that he was born in Portland.[43] If they all had arrived in Portland on 26^th of October 1883 then the raft becomes myth, however if they left New Brunswick on the 26^th of October then they certainly could have fallen short of Portland before Herbert was born. Further research must be done to shed light on this story.

Although James arrived in the Portland area about 1883, there is no listing of James E. Martin in the Polk city directories of Portland or East Portland for the years of 1884, or 1885. If they did not arrive in Portland until late1883 they would not have been listed in the 1884 directory. He bought land in Multnomah County on the 6^th of March,1884.[44] He was in East Portland, but, he had yet to settle down. On 27^th of December, 1884. James cut his hand with a circular saw. He was in Victoria, British.Columbia at the time, and he wrote a letter to his wife and family.[45]

Except for this short time in Victoria most probably working for a mill, James spent his first nine years in East Portland working for the Oregon and California Railroad. [46]

Chapter Five

"Creating a community"

James bought property in the Stephens addition of East Portland the 6^th of March, 1884. He bought it from James B. and Elizabeth Stephens for 400 dollars. The land was located at lot number 8 in block 109 in Stephens addition. [47] Lot 8 block 109 was on the corner of 10^th and Jefferson, (changed in 1892 to East tenth and East Sherman, [48] and to S.E. Tenth and S.E. Sherman in 1931.[49]corner of 10^th and Jefferson. This lot was not listed as having improvements on it until after 1886.[50] In 1886 James Martin was listed residing with his father in Law Alexander Elder and brother in law Frank Elder on “11^th nr bridge”. [51]

By 1886 James E. Martin appears to have settled down. After returning from his trip to Vancouver British Columbia in the early spring of 1885, he and his father-in-law buy more property, this time in Slees addition, (15^th of April, 1885).[52] This property is about three miles to the south of James’s first land purchase. It is closer to the “car shops”. Seven months later on the 5^th of November, 1886 James buys lot 7 block 109[53], right next to his first land purchase in 1884. (see appendix D)

At the beginning of 1886 there was a rapidly growing Presbyterian congregation meeting in a small hall on 18^th Street near the Powell Valley Road. The group had moved there in September of 1885 from Lee Chapel where they had been since February of 1884. Due to the growth, the accommodations were becoming too limited and it was decided to build a new chapel. A lot was bought from Gideon Tibbets on the Powell Valley Road about 500 feet East of the Milwaukie Road. In march of 1886 Frank Elder furnished the plans for the building of a new chapel. The first service was held there about the first of July 1886 after the building was completed.[54] James was elected a Ruling Elder in 1886.[55]

On the 5^th of June 1887 the of Mizpah Presbyterian church (not yet named as such) was officially recognized as an organization by petition to the Presbytery in April of 1887. Among the list of people received into membership were: J .E. Martin (an Elder) and wife, Mrs. Mary Elder, Miss Alice Elder, Mr. Frank Elder. James E. Martin having been ordained in the First Presbyterian Church of East Portland (Feb 27^th, 1887) was duly installed as an Elder. “It was decided on Motion of Elder J. E. Martin that the name of this church be called Mizpah Presbyterian Church of East Portland.”[56]

The church and religion were an important part of James’s life. James was also elected a Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church two times, once in 1904 and again in 1921.[57] When James died on the 6^th of September 1941, he left a will. In this will he left eight equal shares. One share was left to each of his children and one to the Mizpah Presbyterian Church. Mizpah was able to pay off the remainder of their mortgage due to this inheritance. Helen Herndon remembers a party at the church to celebrate the end of the mortgage. She was a little child at the time, but she remembers that it was paid off because of “Mr. Martins will”.[58]

In 1892, after working for railroad for nine years, James became manager of the Ventilated Barrel Factory [59]. “ In the late 1880’s wages were being cut 15 to 20 percent for most railway workers. Workers emigrating to the Northwest in the 1880s had high expectations of bettering their condition and forging a new life… as early as 1893 groups of unemployed men were forming organizations to protest their situation.”[60] To immigrant workers the wage cuts and the iminent depression of 1893 to 1897 must have had devastating impact. After eighteen years working in mills and factories this radical change of career reflects the intensity of the time. James never worked for the railroad again, but did continue to work in industrial business world. In 1896 the Barrel Factory burned down. James estimated the loss on the buildings and machinery to be three thousand dollars at “hard time figures. His original investment was nearly twice that amount. The plant was a total loss and he had carried no insurance.[61]

In 1897 he became associated with the H. C. Albee Company. The company dealt in machinery.[62] By the following year he is listed as President of H. C. Albee Co.,[63] and by 1900 he owns his own machine works Company.

---

[i] See Appendix G – I for Family Data

[ii] The streets 7^th and Jefferson were changed to East 7^th and East Sherman in 1892, Polk’s City Directory of Portland and East Portland, for 1892 (Portland 1892), and changed to S.E. 7^th and S.E. Sherman in 1931, Directory of Streets and Street Numbers, Portland Oregon, Oregon Historical Society

---

[1] James E. Martin household, 1900 U.S. census, Multnomah County, Oregon, population schedule, town of Portland, precinct 35, enumeration district 69, sheet 15, dwelling 345, family 363; National Archives micropublication, T623-1350

2 John Martin Household, 1861 Canadian Census, Newtown Cross, Queens county, Province of Prince Edward Island, Township No 57, Page 10, line 6

[3] Indenture made the 13^th of October, 1819, between the Right Honorable Thomas of Selkirk and Donald Martin of Newtown, Farmer, original copy held by Margaret Dumont, , Prince Edward Island, Canada

[4] John Martin Household, 1851 Canadian Census, Newtown Cross, Queens county, Province of Prince Edward Island, Township No 57, Page 6, line 10 and 11.

[5] Letter from James E. (Wemme, Oregon) to his Niece Ruth McDonald Martin on Prince Edward Island, 4 May 1838; held by James Betts, Nine Mile Creek, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada, COA 1PO.

[6] Ibid.

[7] Letter from James E. Martin (Wemme, Oregon) to his granddaughter Elizabeth [Betty] McComb, 9^th of May 1937; original held by Betty McComb, 20625 96^th Ave. S. Kent, WA

[8] John Martin Will (1862), Public Archives of Prince Edward Island,RG6. 2, Probate Records, L.8 f.261.

[9] Letter from James E. Martin (Wemme, Oregon) to his granddaughter Elizabeth [Betty] McComb, 9^th of May 1937; original held by Betty McComb, 20625 96^th Ave. S. Kent, WA

[10] Letter from James E. (Wemme, Oregon) to his Niece Ruth McDonald Martin on Prince Edward Island, 8 April 1941; held by James Betts, Nine Mile Creek, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada, COA 1PO

[11] James E. Martin Autobiography”, (Portland Oregon 1925), This is a 300 word, one paragraph Manuscript. Copy passed down to writer from Vince Martin, 4788 Beaumont Drive, La Mesa, CA.

[12] Letter from James E. (Wemme, Oregon) to his Niece Ruth McDonald Martin on Prince Edward Island, 8 February 1938; held by James Betts, Nine Mile Creek, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada, COA 1PO

[13] “James E. Martin Autobiography”, (Portland Oregon 1925), This is a 300 word, one paragraph Manuscript. Copy passed down to writer from Vince Martin, 4788 Beaumont Drive, La Mesa, CA.

[14] Letter from James E. (Wemme, Oregon) to his Niece Ruth McDonald Martin on Prince Edward Island, 3 Feb 1935; held by James Betts, Nine Mile Creek, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Canada, COA 1PO

[15] “James E. Martin Autobiography”, (Portland Oregon 1925), This is a 300 word, one paragraph Manuscript. Copy passed down to writer from Vince Martin, 4788 Beaumont Drive, La Mesa, CA.

[16] James Hannay, History of New Brunswick, (St. John N.B., John A. Bowes, 1909). Vol. 2 p.327.

[17] James Hannay, History of New Brunswick, (St. John N.B., John A. Bowes, 1909). Vol. 2 p.326.

[18] T. W. Acheson, St John, The City and It’s Poor, 1783 – 1877 vol. 49, Page 14.

[19] “James E. Martin Autobiography”, (Portland Oregon 1925

[20] Ibid.

[21] Leonard Alexander Swann, Jr, John Roach Maritime Entrepreneur (United States Naval Institute,1965), page 55.

²² Ibid., .page 63.

[23] Ibid.,page 25.

[24] John K. Brown, The Baldwin Locomotive Works 1831-1915 (Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins University Press, 1995), page 151.

[25] “James E. Martin Autobiography”, (Portland Oregon 1925), This is a 300 word, one paragraph Manuscript. Copy passed down to writer from Vince Martin, 4788 Beaumont Drive, La Mesa, CA.

[26] Ibid.

[27]Scott W. See, Riots of New Brunswick: Orange Nativism and Social Violence in the 1840s, (Toronto; Buffalo, University of Toronto Press, 1993),Page 187.

[28] Alexander Elder household, 1881 Canadian Census, , St. John, Province of New Brunswick, District 24, Prince ward district, Page 31, household 127, family 146.

[29] Scott W. See, Riots of New Brunswick: Orange Nativism and Social Violence in the 1840s, (Toronto; Buffalo, University of Toronto Press, 1993),Page 150 –151, 157, 167, 172, 176.

[30] Letter from James E. (Wemme, Oregon) to his Niece Ruth McDonald Martin on Prince Edward Island, 4 May 1838; James mentions in this letter that he attended singing school in South Bay.

[31] Interview with Elvira (Tilden) Beck and Muriel (Tilden) Oxner, (1599 SE N St. Apt. g103, Grants Pass OR), by Douglas L. Martin, November 1998. Transcripts held in 1999 by Martins at 831 O’farrell Ave. S.E. Olympia, WA. 98501. Elvira and Muriel are two of the three children of Vesta (Tilden) Martin, James’s daughter.

[32] Mr. And Mrs. J. E. Martin golden wedding announcment, The Oregonian, Portland, Oregon, 31^st of July 1932, Section 1, Page 14.

[33] James E. Martin household, 1920 U.S. census, Multnomah County, Oregon, population schedule, town of Portland, precinct 147, supervisor’s district 1, enumeration district 57, sheet 7, dwelling 129, family 141; National Archives micropublica

[34] James E. Martin Autobiography”, (Portland Oregon 1925), This is a 300 word, one paragraph Manuscript. Copy passed down to writer from Vince Martin, 4788 Beaumont Drive, La Mesa, CA.

[35] Mr. And Mrs. J. E. Martin golden wedding announcment, The Oregonian, Portland, Oregon, 31^st of July 1932, Section 1, Page 14

[36] William White, A History of Railroad Workers in the Pacific Northwest, 1883 – 1934, Dissertation 1981.

[37] Jeff W. Hayes, Looking Backward at Portland, Tales of the Early 80’s, 1911.

[38] T. W. Acheson, St John, The City and It’s Poor, (National Film Board of Canada, 1981), 1783 – 1877 vol. 49, Page 14.

[39] Family Data, Elder Family Bible, The Holy Bible, (Buffalo, New York, Ivison and Phinney, 1856); original owned in 1999 by Muriel Oxner, (1599 SE N St. Apt. g103, Grants Pass OR), Passed down from Sarah Harrel Elder to her Granddaughter Muriel Oxner.

[40] James E. Martin household, 1900 U.S. census, Multnomah County, Oregon, population schedule, town of Portland, precinct 147, supervisor’s district 1, enumeration district 57, sheet 7, dwelling 129, family 141; National Archives micropublication

[41] Polk’s City Directory of Portland and East Portland, for 1883 (Portland 1883).

[42] Elder Family Bible

[43] Oregon Health Division, Certificate of vital Record, Return of Marriage, Herbert Harrel Martin and Ester Louise Savage, 10^th of January, 1912..

[44] Multnomah county Deeds, book 73 page 314, commonwealth building public research area,

Portland, Oregon.

[45] Letter from James to Sarah, 28^th Dec, 1884, Held by Frances Wyberg, 8235 Northup Pl., S.W, Seattle WA

[46] James E. Martin Autobiography

[47] Multnomah county Deeds, book 73 page 314, commonwealth building public research area,

Portland, Oregon

[48] Polk’s City Directory of Portland and East Portland, for 1892 (Portland 1892)

[49] Directory of Streets and Street Numbers, Portland Oregon, Oregon Historical Society

[50] Tax records, Assessments, 1885-1887.Commonwealth building public research area, Portland, Oregon

[51] Polk’s City Directory of Portland and East Portland, for 1886 (Portland 1886)

[52] Multnomah county Deeds, book 80 page 107, commonwealth building public research area,

Portland, Oregon

[53] Multnomah county Deeds, book 89 page 304, commonwealth building public research area,

Portland, Oregon

[54] Synopsis of the history of the Mizpah Presbyterian Church as contained in the session book No-1, April 1901, From the Mizpah church records held by Helen Hernden 4160 S.E. Brooklyn, Portland, Oregon

[55] James E. Martin Autobiography

[56] Synopsis of the history of the Mizpah Presbyterian Church as contained in the session book No-1

[57] James E. Martin Autobiography

[58] Telephone conversation with Helen Herndon, December 14^th, 1998

[59] James E. Martin Autobiography

[60] William White, A History of Railroad Workers in the Pacific Northwest, 1883 – 1934, Dissertation 1981.

[61] They Saved the Ground, The Oregonian, Portland, Oregon, 5th of Oct, 1896, Page1 and 8.

[62] James E. Martin Autobiography

[63] Polk’s City Directory of Portland and East Portland, for 1892 (Portland 1892)

Bibliography

Mills, E. S. Evidence! : Citation & analysis for the family historian. Baltimore, Genealogical Pub. Co., 1997., Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-110) and index

Sanborn Insurance Company, Insurance Maps of Portland and East Portland., Portland, Oregon(1889, 1901, 1905, 1909, 1924, 1925, 1928), Oregon Historical Society has 1897 Corrected version of 1889, Maps contain some details of structures, owners, business occupying building, addresses

Lenzen, C., How to find Oregon naturalization records., Portland, OR (3033 NE 35th Ave., Portland 97212), C. Lenzen. 1990, Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-48).

Oregon Historical Society has copy.

Lenzen, C., Oregon guide to genealogical sources. Portland, OR (1410 SW Morrison St., Suite 812, Portland 97205), Genealogical Forum of Oregon. 1991, Excellent resource. Includes bibliographical references.

Oregon Journal, Oregon Journal., Portland, Newshouse Newspaper Co.

1902-

Library Association, Newspaper Index., Portland,Oregon, Library Association of Portland. 1980., Indexed from Oregonian 1851-1979, Oregon Journal 1902-1979

plus some other local newspapers and periodicals, Subjects pertaining to Oregon, Portland, and the Northwest

Oregonian The Oregonian., Portland, Oregon, Oregonian Publishing Co.

1850-

Scott, L. M. Memoranda of the files of the Oregonian, 1850-1910., (n.p., 191?)., Index to the Portland Oregonian

Prince Edward Island. Queens County. Township 57, Newtown Cross, 1861 Canadian Census.

Prince Edward Island. Queens County. Township 57, Newtown Cross, 1851 Canadian Census.

New Brunswick. St. John County, Prince Ward, District 24, 1881, Canadian Census.

Oregon. Multnomah County. 1900 U. S. Census, soundex and population schedules, Washington, D.C. : The National Archives, T623-1350.

LDS, M600 N. - M654 Film # 1247690, E300 - F200 Film # 1247670

Oregon. Multnomah County. 1920 U. S. Census, soundex and population schedules, Washington, D.C. : The National Archives, [19--?]. 85 microfilm reels; 16 and 35 mm.

LDS, Soundex: E256 - (E635-E636) US/Can Film area 1829254

Soundex: M620 - (M660-M666) US/Can Film area 1829280

Population schedules: Multnomah Co., Portland City (ED's 13-30, 215,

and 31-48) US/Can Film area 1821499

Polk’s Portland (Oregon) city directories embracing a residence directory of Portland and East Portland, 1876-1940., Woodbridge, Conn., Research Publications, c1980-1984.

OHS has complete set from 1870's to mid 20th century 1882-1895 Portland city directory... LDS FILM # 1377330

City of Portland Birth Register, 1864-1917. Salem, Oregon, Oregon State Archives.

Microfilm

City of Portland Death Register, 1881-1917. Salem, Oregon, Oregon State Archives.

Microfilm

Oregon. Portland. Commonwealth Building, Assessment and Taxation Division. Public research area. Direct and Indirect indexes to Deeds 1850-1972. Deed Books 1929-1964

Oregon. Portland. Commonwealth Building, Assessment and Taxation Division. Public research area. Tax Assessment Records 1885 –1887.

Brown, W. F. W. F., Sexton records of Lone Fir cemetery, East Portland, 1881-1898 / compiled by Wythle F. and Lloyd E. Brown, Portland, Ore.: Genealogical Forum of Portland, Oregon, c1981, Includes index and incomplete records 1879-1881.

Prince Edward Island, Public Archives, Probate Records, L.8 f.261

Historical Background

Ganoe, J. T., The history of the Oregon and California Railroad, University of Oregon, Eugene. 1924, Includes bibliography

Gaston, J., Portland, Oregon: its history and builders. Chicago, S. J. Clarke. 1911

Hayes, J. W., 1853-1917, Looking backward at Portland; devoted to the old timer of the early 80's, with humorous and interesting stories and historical data. Portland, Ore., Kilham Stationery & Printing Co. 1911, Humorous and interesting stories and historical data, descriptions of transportation, bridges, buildings and people of the time. No Bibliography.

White, W. T., “A history of railroad workers in the Pacific Northwest, 1883-1934,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 1981: iv, 359 leaves., Union organizing, Chinese workers, Japanese workers, development of different railroad companies, company policies.

Bibliography: 30 pages!

James Hannay, History of New Brunswick, St. John N.B., John A. Bowes, 1909.

T. W. Acheson, St John, The City and It’s Poor Canada’s Visual History,1783 – 1877, National Film Board of Canada, 1981, Vol. 49..

Leonard Alexander Swann, Jr, John Roach Maritime Entrepreneur, United States Naval Institute,1965.

John K. Brown, The Baldwin Locomotive Works 1831-1915, Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins University Press, 1995

Scott W. See, Riots of New Brunswick: Orange Nativism and Social Violence in the 1840s, Toronto; Buffalo, University of Toronto Press, 1993

Unpublished or private holdings

Martin Family Papers. Indenture. Held by Margaret Dumont, 24 St. Clair Ave., Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Canada.

Letters from James E. Martin (Wemme, Oregon) to his Niece Ruth McDonald on Prince Edward Island, 1935-1941, Held by James Betts, Nine Mile Creek,Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.

James E. Martin, “James E. Martin Autobiography”, Portland Oregon 1925, This is a 300 word, one paragraph, Manuscript. Copy passed down to writer from Vince Martin, 4788 Beaumont Drive, La Mesa, CA.

Synopsis of the history of the Mizpah Presbyterian Church as contained in the session book No-1, April 1901, Records held by Helen Hernden, 4160 S.E. Brooklyn, Portland, Oregon.

Elder Family Records, In The Holy Bible, Buffalo New York, Ivison and Phinney, 1856. This bible was passed down to Muriel Oxner from her Grandmother Sarah Harrel Elder. The records of Marriages and Births are located near the center of the book. Some of the records are in pencil and some are in ink. All are in cursive hand. The first leaf of the book is printed in small letters in the center "Alexander Elder". Copies of the records from this bible are on file with writer.

Interview with Elvira (Tilden) Beck and Muriel (Tilden) Oxner, November 1998 at 1599 SE N St. Apt. g103, Grants Pass OR, Transcripts held in 1999 by the interviewer Douglas L. Martin; at 831 O’farrell Ave. S.E. Olympia, WA. 98501.